Linkage of RAPD markers to NESTUR, a stem growth index in radiata pine seedlings

 Needle-to-stem unit rate (NESTUR) is a stem growth index of conifer seedlings that measures the efficiency of stemwood production per unit of foliage growth. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was applied to haploid DNA from the megagametophytes of a full-sib radiata pine cross to find markers linked to factors controlling the NESTUR trait. Using the bulked segregant analysis approach, 23 of 933 primers displayed putative linkage to factors controlling NESTUR. Based on the genotypic analysis of 174 individuals, two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling NESTUR were identified at ANOVA P-levels of 0.01–0.001. The QTLs were identified by RAPD markers OPE-06₄₅₀ and OPA-10₁₂₀₀, which were linked to each other (r=7%), and UBC-333₅₅₀, which was not linked to the other two. Linkage to components of NESTUR (increments in stem diameter and stem volume) was demonstrated for UBC-333₅₅₀, while the others were not linked to NESTUR components. Received: 18 December 1996/Accepted: 24 January 1997     

Iridoid glycosides and insect feeding preferences: gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar, Lymantriidae) and buckeyes (Junonia coenia, Nymphalidae)

Abstract. 1. The effect of increasing concentrations of an iridoid glycoside, catalposide, was tested on a generalist and an adapted specialist lepidopteran, using artificial diets.
2. Two strains of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lymantriidae), were tested. Larvae of a wild strain showed a negative dose-dependent response to increasing concentrations of catalposide (up to 7.2% dry weight), while a laboratory strain showed no such pattern. Choice tests using the laboratory strain showed that these larvae often preferred diets relatively low in catalposide over those with higher concentrations.
3. In contrast, larvae of the iridoid glycoside specialist, the buckeye, Junonia coenia Hübner (Nymphalidae), showed a positive dose-dependent response and grew better on diets with higher doses of catalposide.
4. We tested whether the improved growth of J. coenia at higher concentrations of catalposide may have been due to extra glucose yielded by hydrolysis of catalposide. Larvae were fed increasing doses of glucose equivalent to the amount potentially obtained by hydrolysing the quantities of catalposide used in the previous experiment. However, added glucose did not effect growth, suggesting that increased growth at higher catalposide concentrations was due to increased feeding rates.     

Sesquiterpene lactones from Podanthus ovatifolius

The title plant has been shown to contain the sesquiterpene lactones erioflorin methacrylate (I), erioflorin (III), erioflorin acetate (VIII) and a new lactone, ovatifolin (X).     

基于核壳型亲水作用色谱技术同时测定冬虫夏草中核苷和糖醇类成分的含量

核苷和糖醇类成分是冬虫夏草Ophiocordyceps sinensis中两类重要的活性成分,常被作为冬虫夏草质量的评价指标。本研究采用核壳型亲水作用色谱柱技术,建立同时测定冬虫夏草中核苷和糖醇类成分含量的快速液相色谱分析方法。结果表明,在8 min内尿苷、腺苷、肌苷、鸟苷和甘露醇均实现基线分离,且各成分线性关系良好,日内精密度、日间精密度和重复性均小于3%,平均回收率在99.0%~106.1%,供试品溶液在24 h内稳定。20批冬虫夏草的尿苷、腺苷、肌苷、鸟苷和甘露醇含量与文献报道结果基本一致。本研究建立的方法快速、准确、可靠,可用于冬虫夏草核苷和糖醇类成分的同时测定。     

衍生化UPLC-MS法测定酸性植物激素

为有效利用超高效液相-高分辨率飞行时间质谱(UPLC-TOF-MS)对酸性植物激素进行定性定量分析, 选取几种有机酸衍生化试剂: 2-溴苯乙酮(BP)、2-二甲氨基乙胺(DMED)、1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺(EDC)和溴代丙酮基三甲基溴化铵(BTA), 分别与脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA₃)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、茉莉酸(JA)和水杨酸(SA)进行衍生化反应。通过比较上述各植物激素的质谱响应值, 判断衍生化试剂的效果。将植物激素标准品进行浓度梯度稀释, 并与衍生化试剂反应, 测定它们的定量限。用衍生效果最佳的试剂与植物粗提液反应, 检验其应用效果。结果显示, 几种衍生化试剂均可大幅度提高酸性植物激素的质谱响应值, 其中DMED衍生后植物激素的质谱灵敏度提高幅度最大, 且反应稳定、重复性好。DMED衍生后, ABA、GA₃、IAA、JA和SA的定量限分别为0.05、0.2、0.1、0.1和0.5 ng∙mL^-1, 与未衍生化相比, 分别降低100、25、50、50和10倍, 即DMED衍生化使几种植物激素的质谱灵敏度提高10-100倍, 显著高于目前报道的灵敏度。将该方法应用于水稻(Oryza sativa)、小麦(Triticum aestivum)和蚕豆(Vicia faba)等植物材料中, 有效测定了其酸性植物激素, 且灵敏度较衍生前显著提高。该研究建立了一种简单、快速且重现性好的基于衍生化的UPLC-TOF-MS测定方法, 大幅提高了多种酸性植物激素测定的灵敏度。     

基于近红外光谱技术的白茶可溶性糖总量快速测定研究

本文以积分球漫反射模块采集113份不同等级不同年份的白茶近红外光谱图并进行预处理分析,采用蒽酮比色法对来自不同厂家的白茶进行含量测定,运用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立了白茶可溶性糖总量快速测定模型并对模型进行验证。试验结果表明所建立模型的相关系数(R)为0. 963,校正均方根差(RMSEC)为0. 363 9,验证均方根差(RMSEP)为0. 349,验证集平均相对误差为3. 11%。通过NIRS快速测定白茶总糖含量具有较高的可行性,该方法预测结果较好,能够准确、快速、无损的对白茶可溶性糖总量进行快速定量分析。     

火棘多糖铁(Ⅲ)复合物中铁含量检测方法的建立

为了优化建立火棘多糖铁(Ⅲ)复合物(PPC)中铁含量检测的方法。考察了邻菲啰啉溶液浓度(w/w,%)及用量(mL)、抗坏血酸溶液浓度(w/w,%)及用量(mL)、反应时间(h)及温度(℃)等因素对PPC中铁含量测定的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,运用响应面软件进一步优化PPC的检测条件。结果表明,PPC中铁含量的最佳检测条件为:向1.0 mL适宜浓度的PPC溶液中,依次加入1.5 mL 10%的抗坏血酸溶液及3.0 mL 0.1%的邻菲啰啉溶液,于45℃水浴2.0 h后,冰水快速冷却,在室温下于510 nm波长处测其吸光度。该方法具有良好的重复性及重现性,回收率达99.93%。此方法也适合推广于其他植物多糖铁复合物中铁含量的测定。